Properties
The nettle has anti-inflammatory properties that can be exercised through various mechanisms; it has been shown that the nettle extracts inhibit the enzymes cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, production managers, respectively, of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Furthermore the nettle inhibits the production of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL_4). The use of the aerial parts is recommended for the adjuvant treatment of rheumatic disorders, both for internal use and for external use. In addition, it is recommended for inflammatory states of the urinary tract and kidney stones.
The anti-inflammatory action, studied in animals and attributed to inhibition of key inflammatory mediators (eicosanoids, cytokines) has been thorough and even demonstrated in humans. Several clinical studies, some of which are randomized and double-blind, report improvement of symptoms in patients with inflammatory diseases (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, rhinitis).
Other studies have shown a significant increase in symptoms (urinary flow, nocturia, frequency of urination) in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. The well know diuretic properties and haemostatic have not yet been explored in the human field.
Nutraceuticals
Fruits:
- proteins, mucilage, fatty oil
Aerial parts:
- flavonoids
- vitamins A, B2, C, K, pantothenic acid and folic acid
- chlorophyll, xanthophylls and beta-carotene
- mineral salts, in particular potassium and calcium salts
- secretin
The stinging hairs contain: acetylcholine, histamine, choline, formic acid (which causes skin irritation), acetic acid and leukotrienes
Root:
- polysaccharides, a lectin and numerous compounds
- sterols
- tannin